pobieranie: AutoCad 2D lab (ang)
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Laboratory 0
A Tutorial of AutoCAD Functions
This is an optional laboratory aimed at providing a brief review of various AutoCAD functions. The laboratory was originally used in ENGR150 at UVic. The tutorial covers most of the fundamental functions of AutoCAD for modeling a mechanical component. A procedure for creating the part model, shown in Figure 1, is listed in this section.
Figure 1 A Mechanical Component The commands, messages, and input data are listed at the left side of the instructions, while explanations of these commands are given at the right side of the instructions. The messages of AutoCAD are described using Arial Narrow font. Actions to execute the commands are given in italic font. The text commands and data entered by the users using keyboard are described using bold font. Explanations are described with underlines. Some instructions do not provide complete data due to their simpleness. 1. Starting AutoCAD system You may run either AutoCAD R12 on the UNIX, or AutoCAD R13 on the Windows NT workstations. 2. Modeling the base part of the component Command: Choose Draw, Polyline From point: 0,0 Current line-width is 0.0000 Draw a 2-D Polyline
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 10,0 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 10,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 8,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 8,2.5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 2,2.5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 2,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 1,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 0,4 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: close Command: Choose Draw, Solids, Extrude Select objects: Select the polyline Select objects: Path/<Height of Extrusion>: 5 Extrusion taper angle <0>: 0 Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, SW Isometric Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Top Command: Choose View, Pan, Point Displacement: 0,0 Second point: 1,1 Display the isometric view Return to the top view Move the object to the center Create a closed 2-D section Extrude the 2-D polyline
3. Creating the stepped hole Command: Choose Draw, Polyline From point: 5, -0.5 Current line-width is 0.0000 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 4.2, -0.5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 4.2,1.7 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 3.5,1.7 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 3.5,3 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 5,3 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: close Command: Choose Draw, Solids, Revolve Select objects: Select the polyline Select objects: Axis of revolution - Object/X/Y/<Start point of axis>: 5,5 Revolve the 2-D polyline Draw a Polyline
<End point of axis>: 5,3 Angle of revolution full circle>: Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Back Command: Choose Modify, Move Select objects: Select the circle Select objects: Base point or displacement: 0,0,0 Second point of displacement: 0,0,2.5 Command: Choose Construct, Subtract Select objects: Select the base Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract... Select objects: Select the stepped hole Select objects: Subtract object to create a stepped hole Change viewpoint Move the object to correct position
4. Creating the straight hole Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Right Command: Choose View, Preset UCS ... Select right icon and click OK Command: Choose Draw, Circle, Center & Radius 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 3.5,2.5,10.5 Diameter/<Radius>: 0.7 Command: Choose Draw, Solids, Extrude Select objects: Select the circle Select objects: Path/<Height of Extrusion>: -3 Extrusion taper angle <0>: 0 Command: Choose Construct, Subtract Select objects: Select the base Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract... Select objects: Select the straight hole Select objects: Subtract the object to create a hole Extrude the circle Draw a circle Change viewpoint Change User Coordinate System
5. Rotating the created model Command: Choose Modify, Rotate Select objects: Select the component Select objects: Base point: 0,0 <Rotation angle>/Reference: 90 Command: Choose View, Preset UCS... Select world icon and click OK Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, SW Isometric 6. Generating 3-D images Command: Choose Tools, Hide Command: Choose Tools, Shade, 256 Color Command: Choose Tools, Render, Render Click Render Scene button Command: regain 7. Creating multiple viewports Command: Choose Data, Layers... Enter a layer name BORDER and click New button Select layer BORDER on the list and click Current button Click OK button Command: Choose View, Paper Space Already in paper space. Command: mview ONIOFF/Hideplot/Fit/2/3/4/Restore/<First Point>: 4 Fit/<First Point>: 1,1 Second point: 12,8 Regenerating drawing. Command: Choose View, Floating Model Space Select the top left viewport Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Top Command: Choose View, Zoom, Out Select the bottom left viewport
Rotate the component
Return to World Coordinate System Display the isometric view
Display image without hidden lines Display shading image Display rendering image Display wireframe image
Create a layer for drawing borders
Change to paper space Create multiple viewports Enter the number of viewports
Change to floating model space Select the top view Change viewpoint Reduce the size of display Select the front view
Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Front Command: Choose View, Zoom, Out Select the bottom right viewport Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Right Command: Choose View, Zoom, Out Command: Choose Data, Linetype... Click Load... button Select HIDDEN2 on the list and click OK button Click OK button Select the top view Command: solprof Initializing... Select objects: Select the component Select objects: Display hidden profile lines on separate layer? <Y>: Project profile lines onto a plane? <Y>: Delete tangential edges? <Y>: One solid selected. Using the same method to create profile lines for the other three viewports 8. Defining dimensions on the top view Select the top view Command: Choose Data, Layers... Create three new layers called DIMTOP, DIMFRONT, and DIMRIGHT, and make DIMTOP the current layer Select layer 0 and click OFF button Select a layer with a name started as PHand click Set Ltype... button Select HIDDEN2 and click OK button In the same way, change the linetype of the other three layers with the names started as PH-to HIDDEN2 Select DIMFRONT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button
Change viewpoint Select the right view Change viewpoint Load HIDDEN2 linetype
Generate the profile lines of 3 views
Select the top view Create 3 avers for model dimensions
Turn wireframe model of the part off Change hidden lines to dashed lines
Turn off the layer in this view
Select DIMRIGHT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Click OK button Command: Choose View, Preset UCS... Select CURRENT VIEW icon and click OK Command: Choose Data, Linetype... Click Load... button Select CENTER2 on the list and click OK button Click OK button Command: Choose Draw, Line Draw the centerline of the straight hole Command: Choose Modify, Properties... Select objects: Select the created line Select objects: Select Linetype... button Select CENTER2 and Click OK button Click OK button Command: Choose Data, Dimension Style... Click Geometry... button Define Arrowheads size as 0.3, choose Line button of Center item, and click OK button Click Format... button In the Text item, unselect button of Inside Horizontal and click OK button Click Annotation... button Click Units button In the Precision item, select 0.0 and click OK button In the Text item, select Style as Standard and height as 0.3, and click OK button Click Save button Click Radial button in Family item, and click Format... button In Fit item, select Leader; and click OK button Click Save button Click Diameter button in Family item, and click Format… button
Turn off the layer in this view Set UCS the same as in this view
Load CENTER2 linetype
Draw a centerline Change the linetype of the centerline
Set dimension styles
In Fit item, select Leader; and click OK button Click Save button and click OK button command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Center Mark Select arc or circle: Select the circle of the stepped hole command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Radial, Diameter Select arc or circle: Select the big circle Dimension line location (Text/Angle): Select a location command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Radial, Diameter Select arc or circle: Select the small circle Dimension line location (Text/Angle): Select a location command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Linear First extension line origin or RETURN to select: Select Draw a diameter dimension Draw center mark for a circle Draw a diameter dimension
Draw a linear dimension
the first extension line origin
Second extension line origin: Select the second extension line origin Dimension line location (Text/Angle/Horizontal/ Vertical/Rotated): Select the text location In the same way, define all the linear dimensions on the top view command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 9. Defining dimensions on the front view Select the front view command: Choose Data, Layers... Select DIMFRONT and make it the current layer Select DIMTOP layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMRIGHT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Click OK button command: Choose View, Preset UCS... Select CURRENT VIEW icon and click OK command: Choose Draw, Line Draw centerline of the straight hole command: Choose Modify, Properties... Select objects: Select the created line Select objects:
Turn off UCS icon
Select the front view Change current layer and turn off other two dimension layers
Set UCS the same as in this view Draw a centerline Change the linetype of the centerline
Select Linetype... button Select CENTER2 and Click OK button Click OK button In the same way, draw a centerline for the stepped hole Define the three linear dimensions on the front view command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 10. Defining dimensions on the right view Select the right view command: Choose Data, Layers... Select DIMRIGHT and make it the current layer Select DIMTOP layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMFRONT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Click OK button command: Choose View, Preset UCSS … Select CURRENT VIEW icon and click OK Draw a centerline for the stepped hole Define the diameter of the straight hole and two linear dimensions on right view command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 11. Accessing to isometric view Select the isometric view command: Choose Data, Layers... Create a layer called TITLE and make it the current layer Select DIMTOP layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMFRONT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMRIGHT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select BORDER layer and click OFF button Click OK button command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 12. Drawing title box command: Choose View, Paper Space command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon Turn off UCS icon Turn off the BORDER layer Set UCS the same as in this view Turn off UCS icon
Select the right view Change current layer and turn off other two dimension layers
Turn off UCS icon
Select the isometric view Create a layer for title box Turn off the three dimension avers
Change to paper space Turn off UCS icon
command: Choose Draw, Polygon, Rectangle Draw the box command: Choose Draw, Line Draw a line below the views command: Choose Draw, Text, Dynamic Text Justify/Style/<Start point>: Select the first point Height <0.2000>: 0.7 Rotation angle <0>: Text: A Component Text: 13. Saving AutoCAD file command: Choose File, Save Enter a file name called component.dwg and click OK button 14. Plotting AutoCAD drafting command: Choose File, Print Click OK button to create a plotting file named component.plt 15. Exiting from AutoCAD environment command: Choose File, Exit 16. Printing out PostScript file % lpr -P1w component.plt
Draw the title box
Enter title of the component
Save the model to a file
Plot a PostScript (PS) file
Quit AutoCAD system
Print the PS file using laser printer
AutoCad 2D lab (ang)
Laboratory 0
A Tutorial of AutoCAD Functions
This is an optional laboratory aimed at providing a brief review of various AutoCAD functions. The laboratory was originally used in ENGR150 at UVic. The tutorial covers most of the fundamental functions of AutoCAD for modeling a mechanical component. A procedure for creating the part model, shown in Figure 1, is listed in this section.
Figure 1 A Mechanical Component The commands, messages, and input data are listed at the left side of the instructions, while explanations of these commands are given at the right side of the instructions. The messages of AutoCAD are described using Arial Narrow font. Actions to execute the commands are given in italic font. The text commands and data entered by the users using keyboard are described using bold font. Explanations are described with underlines. Some instructions do not provide complete data due to their simpleness. 1. Starting AutoCAD system You may run either AutoCAD R12 on the UNIX, or AutoCAD R13 on the Windows NT workstations. 2. Modeling the base part of the component Command: Choose Draw, Polyline From point: 0,0 Current line-width is 0.0000 Draw a 2-D Polyline
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 10,0 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 10,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 8,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 8,2.5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 2,2.5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 2,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 1,5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 0,4 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: close Command: Choose Draw, Solids, Extrude Select objects: Select the polyline Select objects: Path/<Height of Extrusion>: 5 Extrusion taper angle <0>: 0 Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, SW Isometric Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Top Command: Choose View, Pan, Point Displacement: 0,0 Second point: 1,1 Display the isometric view Return to the top view Move the object to the center Create a closed 2-D section Extrude the 2-D polyline
3. Creating the stepped hole Command: Choose Draw, Polyline From point: 5, -0.5 Current line-width is 0.0000 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 4.2, -0.5 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 4.2,1.7 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 3.5,1.7 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 3.5,3 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: 5,3 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: close Command: Choose Draw, Solids, Revolve Select objects: Select the polyline Select objects: Axis of revolution - Object/X/Y/<Start point of axis>: 5,5 Revolve the 2-D polyline Draw a Polyline
<End point of axis>: 5,3 Angle of revolution full circle>: Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Back Command: Choose Modify, Move Select objects: Select the circle Select objects: Base point or displacement: 0,0,0 Second point of displacement: 0,0,2.5 Command: Choose Construct, Subtract Select objects: Select the base Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract... Select objects: Select the stepped hole Select objects: Subtract object to create a stepped hole Change viewpoint Move the object to correct position
4. Creating the straight hole Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Right Command: Choose View, Preset UCS ... Select right icon and click OK Command: Choose Draw, Circle, Center & Radius 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 3.5,2.5,10.5 Diameter/<Radius>: 0.7 Command: Choose Draw, Solids, Extrude Select objects: Select the circle Select objects: Path/<Height of Extrusion>: -3 Extrusion taper angle <0>: 0 Command: Choose Construct, Subtract Select objects: Select the base Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract... Select objects: Select the straight hole Select objects: Subtract the object to create a hole Extrude the circle Draw a circle Change viewpoint Change User Coordinate System
5. Rotating the created model Command: Choose Modify, Rotate Select objects: Select the component Select objects: Base point: 0,0 <Rotation angle>/Reference: 90 Command: Choose View, Preset UCS... Select world icon and click OK Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, SW Isometric 6. Generating 3-D images Command: Choose Tools, Hide Command: Choose Tools, Shade, 256 Color Command: Choose Tools, Render, Render Click Render Scene button Command: regain 7. Creating multiple viewports Command: Choose Data, Layers... Enter a layer name BORDER and click New button Select layer BORDER on the list and click Current button Click OK button Command: Choose View, Paper Space Already in paper space. Command: mview ONIOFF/Hideplot/Fit/2/3/4/Restore/<First Point>: 4 Fit/<First Point>: 1,1 Second point: 12,8 Regenerating drawing. Command: Choose View, Floating Model Space Select the top left viewport Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Top Command: Choose View, Zoom, Out Select the bottom left viewport
Rotate the component
Return to World Coordinate System Display the isometric view
Display image without hidden lines Display shading image Display rendering image Display wireframe image
Create a layer for drawing borders
Change to paper space Create multiple viewports Enter the number of viewports
Change to floating model space Select the top view Change viewpoint Reduce the size of display Select the front view
Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Front Command: Choose View, Zoom, Out Select the bottom right viewport Command: Choose View, 3D Viewpoint Presets, Right Command: Choose View, Zoom, Out Command: Choose Data, Linetype... Click Load... button Select HIDDEN2 on the list and click OK button Click OK button Select the top view Command: solprof Initializing... Select objects: Select the component Select objects: Display hidden profile lines on separate layer? <Y>: Project profile lines onto a plane? <Y>: Delete tangential edges? <Y>: One solid selected. Using the same method to create profile lines for the other three viewports 8. Defining dimensions on the top view Select the top view Command: Choose Data, Layers... Create three new layers called DIMTOP, DIMFRONT, and DIMRIGHT, and make DIMTOP the current layer Select layer 0 and click OFF button Select a layer with a name started as PHand click Set Ltype... button Select HIDDEN2 and click OK button In the same way, change the linetype of the other three layers with the names started as PH-to HIDDEN2 Select DIMFRONT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button
Change viewpoint Select the right view Change viewpoint Load HIDDEN2 linetype
Generate the profile lines of 3 views
Select the top view Create 3 avers for model dimensions
Turn wireframe model of the part off Change hidden lines to dashed lines
Turn off the layer in this view
Select DIMRIGHT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Click OK button Command: Choose View, Preset UCS... Select CURRENT VIEW icon and click OK Command: Choose Data, Linetype... Click Load... button Select CENTER2 on the list and click OK button Click OK button Command: Choose Draw, Line Draw the centerline of the straight hole Command: Choose Modify, Properties... Select objects: Select the created line Select objects: Select Linetype... button Select CENTER2 and Click OK button Click OK button Command: Choose Data, Dimension Style... Click Geometry... button Define Arrowheads size as 0.3, choose Line button of Center item, and click OK button Click Format... button In the Text item, unselect button of Inside Horizontal and click OK button Click Annotation... button Click Units button In the Precision item, select 0.0 and click OK button In the Text item, select Style as Standard and height as 0.3, and click OK button Click Save button Click Radial button in Family item, and click Format... button In Fit item, select Leader; and click OK button Click Save button Click Diameter button in Family item, and click Format… button
Turn off the layer in this view Set UCS the same as in this view
Load CENTER2 linetype
Draw a centerline Change the linetype of the centerline
Set dimension styles
In Fit item, select Leader; and click OK button Click Save button and click OK button command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Center Mark Select arc or circle: Select the circle of the stepped hole command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Radial, Diameter Select arc or circle: Select the big circle Dimension line location (Text/Angle): Select a location command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Radial, Diameter Select arc or circle: Select the small circle Dimension line location (Text/Angle): Select a location command: Choose Draw, Dimensioning, Linear First extension line origin or RETURN to select: Select Draw a diameter dimension Draw center mark for a circle Draw a diameter dimension
Draw a linear dimension
the first extension line origin
Second extension line origin: Select the second extension line origin Dimension line location (Text/Angle/Horizontal/ Vertical/Rotated): Select the text location In the same way, define all the linear dimensions on the top view command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 9. Defining dimensions on the front view Select the front view command: Choose Data, Layers... Select DIMFRONT and make it the current layer Select DIMTOP layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMRIGHT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Click OK button command: Choose View, Preset UCS... Select CURRENT VIEW icon and click OK command: Choose Draw, Line Draw centerline of the straight hole command: Choose Modify, Properties... Select objects: Select the created line Select objects:
Turn off UCS icon
Select the front view Change current layer and turn off other two dimension layers
Set UCS the same as in this view Draw a centerline Change the linetype of the centerline
Select Linetype... button Select CENTER2 and Click OK button Click OK button In the same way, draw a centerline for the stepped hole Define the three linear dimensions on the front view command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 10. Defining dimensions on the right view Select the right view command: Choose Data, Layers... Select DIMRIGHT and make it the current layer Select DIMTOP layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMFRONT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Click OK button command: Choose View, Preset UCSS … Select CURRENT VIEW icon and click OK Draw a centerline for the stepped hole Define the diameter of the straight hole and two linear dimensions on right view command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 11. Accessing to isometric view Select the isometric view command: Choose Data, Layers... Create a layer called TITLE and make it the current layer Select DIMTOP layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMFRONT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select DIMRIGHT layer and click Cur VP: Frz button Select BORDER layer and click OFF button Click OK button command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon 12. Drawing title box command: Choose View, Paper Space command: Choose Options, UCS, Icon Turn off UCS icon Turn off the BORDER layer Set UCS the same as in this view Turn off UCS icon
Select the right view Change current layer and turn off other two dimension layers
Turn off UCS icon
Select the isometric view Create a layer for title box Turn off the three dimension avers
Change to paper space Turn off UCS icon
command: Choose Draw, Polygon, Rectangle Draw the box command: Choose Draw, Line Draw a line below the views command: Choose Draw, Text, Dynamic Text Justify/Style/<Start point>: Select the first point Height <0.2000>: 0.7 Rotation angle <0>: Text: A Component Text: 13. Saving AutoCAD file command: Choose File, Save Enter a file name called component.dwg and click OK button 14. Plotting AutoCAD drafting command: Choose File, Print Click OK button to create a plotting file named component.plt 15. Exiting from AutoCAD environment command: Choose File, Exit 16. Printing out PostScript file % lpr -P1w component.plt
Draw the title box
Enter title of the component
Save the model to a file
Plot a PostScript (PS) file
Quit AutoCAD system
Print the PS file using laser printer
